New type of ‘flow battery’ can store 10 times the energy of the next best device | Science/AAAS | News: "To address this problem, researchers led by Qing Wang, a materials scientist at the National University of Singapore, came up with a bit of a hybrid solution. They kept the overall flow battery architecture, with charge-storing tanks separated by a central electrode stack. But inside the external tanks they placed solid—as opposed to liquid—lithium storage materials, one containing a common lithium ion battery cathode material called lithium iron phosphate (LiFePo4), the other containing titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is sometimes used as a lithium ion battery anode. They then used charge-carrying liquids, called redox mediators, to ferry electrical charges from the solids to the stack and back again. The solid storage materials are porous enough to allow the liquid redox mediators to bubble through and grab both electrons and lithium ions and ferry them to the membrane."
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